PIEEG Low-cost Brain-computer interface (EEG, EMG, and ECG)
PIEEG Low-cost Brain-computer interface (EEG, EMG, and ECG)
Survey in the control of mechanical limbs by motor imagery with non-invasive EEG
| № | The number of subjects | Feature extraction method | Software type | What part of the limb | How many degrees of freedom
DOF |
Number of electrodes,
Company of kit |
Used frequency range | Feedback | What Artifacts are removed | Source code | After illness or not | Accuracy
(arbitrary metric) |
| link | 6 | An autoregressive (AR) model for assessing the amplitude of the sensorimotor rhythm. | BCI2000
|
Robotic arm | 4 | 24
|
8 – 12 Hz
18 – 26 Hz |
Haptic feedback | N/A | No | No | 78.0 % |
| link | 12 | Custom Multilayer Perceptron | OpenBCI | Robotic unit – small machine | 4 | 8 | 5 – 15 Hz | No | 50 Hz
noise filter |
No | No | 92,1 % |
| link | N/A | N/A | Neurosky | Robotic arm | 6 | Neurosky mk | 8 – 12 Hz | No | N/A | No | N/A | N/A |
| link | 20 | Hybrid ConvNet | Custom | Moved platform with Robot arm | 10 | 64 | 7 – 14 Hz
16 – 26 Hz |
Feedback from GUI | 40 Hz noise filter | No | N/A | 76.9 % |
| link | 7 | Custom neural network | Custom | Robot arm | 4 | 48 | 1 – 10 Hz | No | Pass filter 1-10 Гц | No | N/A | 85.2 % |
| link | 2 | short-time fast Fourier transform
(STFFT) |
Custom | Robot arm | 4 | 32 | 8 – 12 Hz
13 – 30 Hz |
No | Eye-blinking
pass filter from noise etc |
No | N/A | N/A |
| link | 4 | Canonical Variant Analysis (CVA),
Canonical Variant Analysis (CVA) |
Custom | Robot arm KUKA | 7 | 64 | 0.2 – 16 Hz | No | Low-pass Butterworth filter | No | N/A | 79.5 % |
| link | N/A | Emotiv Epoc software
Not detail |
Emotiv Epoc | Small Humanoid Robot | 3 | 14 | 0.2 – 43 Hz | No | 50 Hz
noise filte |
No | N/A | N/A |
| link | N/A | Emotiv Epoc software
Not detail |
EPOC EEG headse | Robot arm | N/A | 14 | N/A | No | N/A | No | N/A | N/A |
| link | N/A | OpenBCI software
Not detail |
OpenBCI | Robot arm | 4 | 8 | 8 – 13 Hz | No | 50 Hz
noise filte |
No | N/A | 80% |
| link | N/A | Emotiv Epoc software
Not detail |
Emotiv Epoc
|
Robot machine | 4
|
14 | 8 – 12 Hz | No | 50 Hz
noise filte |
No | N/A | N/A |
| link | N/A | Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) |
Costum | Small Humanoid Robot | 3 | 32 | 0 – 4 Hz,
4 – 8 Hz, 8 – 13 Hz 13 – 30 Hz |
Feedback from CCD camera | 40 Hz
noise filte r |
No | N/A | N/A |
| link | 7 | Functions of open-source BCI2000
Not detail |
(Enobio | Arm exoskeleton | 4 | 5 | 9–15 Hz | IR camera | N/A | No | Arm and finger paralysis | 75 % |
| link | N/A | Emotiv Epoc software
Not detail |
EMOTIV EPOC | Robot arm | 3 | 14 | 0.2 – 45 Hz. | No | N/A | No | N/A | N/A |
| link | 6 | Function of
Neuroscan NuAmps Express system Not detail |
Neuroscan NuAmps Express system | Robot arm | 6 | 40 | 8 – 12 Hz | EOG, EMG | Muscle movement | No | No | 93.83 |
| link | 33 | Custom functions in MATLAB | BCI2000
|
Robot arm | 7 | 64 | 8 – 13 Hz | No | Nonstationary high-variance signals | No | No | >80% |
| link | 8
|
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) | g.Tec Medical Engineering GmbH, | Exoskeleton | N/A | 16 | 8 – 36 Hz | Biphasic electrical pulses | Provoking EMG artifacts | No | Neurological conditions | 82.9 |
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